MySQL: ALTER TABLE Statement

This tutorial explains how to use the MySQL ALTER TABLE statement to add a column, modify a column, drop a column, rename a column or rename a table (with syntax and examples).

Description

The MySQL ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, modify, or drop/delete columns in a table. The MySQL ALTER TABLE statement is also used to rename a table.

Add column in table

Syntax

The syntax to add a column in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  ADD new_column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ];

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

new_column_name

The name of the new column to add to the table.

column_definition

The datatype and definition of the column (NULL or NOT NULL, etc).

FIRST | AFTER column_name

Optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to create the column. If this parameter is not specified, the new column will be added to the end of the table.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to add a column in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  ADD last_name varchar(40) NOT NULL
    AFTER contact_id;

This MySQL ALTER TABLE example will add a column called last_name to the contacts table. It will be created as a NOT NULL column and will appear after the contact_id field in the table.

Add multiple columns in table

Syntax

The syntax to add multiple columns in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  ADD new_column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
  ADD new_column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
  ...
;

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

new_column_name

The name of the new column to add to the table.

column_definition

The datatype and definition of the column (NULL or NOT NULL, etc).

FIRST | AFTER column_name

Optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to create the column. If this parameter is not specified, the new column will be added to the end of the table.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to add multiple columns in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  ADD last_name varchar(40) NOT NULL
    AFTER contact_id,
  ADD first_name varchar(35) NULL
    AFTER last_name;

This ALTER TABLE example will add two columns to the contacts table - last_name and first_name.

The last_name field will be created as a varchar(40) NOT NULL column and will appear after the contact_id column in the table. The first_name column will be created as a varchar(35) NULL column and will appear after the last_name column in the table.

Modify column in table

Syntax

The syntax to modify a column in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  MODIFY column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ];

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

column_name

The name of the column to modify in the table.

column_definition

The modified datatype and definition of the column (NULL or NOT NULL, etc).

FIRST | AFTER column_name

Optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to position the column, if you wish to change its position.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to modify a column in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  MODIFY last_name varchar(50) NULL;

This ALTER TABLE example will modify the column called last_name to be a data type of varchar(50) and force the column to allow NULL values.

Modify Multiple columns in table

Syntax

The syntax to modify multiple columns in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  MODIFY column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
  MODIFY column_name column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
  ...
;

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

column_name

The name of the column to modify in the table.

column_definition

The modified datatype and definition of the column (NULL or NOT NULL, etc).

FIRST | AFTER column_name

Optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to position the column, if you wish to change its position.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to modify multiple columns in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  MODIFY last_name varchar(55) NULL
    AFTER contact_type,
  MODIFY first_name varchar(30) NOT NULL;

This ALTER TABLE example will modify two columns to the contacts table - last_name and first_name.

The last_name field will be changed to a varchar(55) NULL column and will appear after the contact_type column in the table. The first_name column will be modified to a varchar(30) NOT NULL column (and will not change position in the contacts table definition, as there is no FIRST | AFTER specified).

Drop column in table

Syntax

The syntax to drop a column in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  DROP COLUMN column_name;

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

column_name

The name of the column to delete from the table.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to drop a column in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  DROP COLUMN contact_type;

This ALTER TABLE example will drop the column called contact_type from the table called contacts.

Rename column in table

Syntax

The syntax to rename a column in a table in MySQL (using the ALTER TABLE statement) is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  CHANGE COLUMN old_name new_name 
    column_definition
    [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ]

table_name

The name of the table to modify.

old_name

The column to rename.

new_name

The new name for the column.

column_definition

The datatype and definition of the column (NULL or NOT NULL, etc). You must specify the column definition when renaming the column, even if it does not change.

FIRST | AFTER column_name

Optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to position the column, if you wish to change its position.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to rename a column in a MySQL table using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  CHANGE COLUMN contact_type ctype
    varchar(20) NOT NULL;

This MySQL ALTER TABLE example will rename the column called contact_type to ctype. The column will be defined as a varchar(20) NOT NULL column.

Rename table

Syntax

The syntax to rename a table in MySQL is:

ALTER TABLE table_name
  RENAME TO new_table_name;

table_name

The table to rename.

new_table_name

The new table name to use.

Example

Let's look at an example that shows how to rename a table in MySQL using the ALTER TABLE statement.

For example:

ALTER TABLE contacts
  RENAME TO people;

This ALTER TABLE example will rename the contacts table to people.