This is an equivalent of DAY function in Oracle.
To achieve this you will need to use the EXTRACT statement.
dbadmin= select now();
now
-------------------------------
2014-03-13 13:46:17.722358-03
(1 row)
dbadmin= SELECT EXTRACT (DAY FROM DATE 'now()');
date_part
-----------
13
(1 row)
dbadmin= SELECT EXTRACT (DAY FROM DATE '2012-01-11');
date_part
-----------
11
(1 row)